My Sources:
1.) Smith, Craig R, Rhetoric and Human Consciousness: A History 3rd edition
2) Smith, Craig R, Rhetoric and Human Consciousness: A History 3rd edition
3.) Introduction to Rhetoric. http://www.Ieti.edu/people/annieolson/online/intro.html
4.)Introduction to Rhetoric. http://www.Ieti.edu/people/annieolson/online/intro.html
5.)Classical Rhetoric 101: The Five Canons of Rhetoric – Invention. The Art of Manliness RSS.http://www.artofmanliness.com/2011/01/26/classical-rhetoric-101-the-five-canons-of-rhetoric-invention/
6.) Lee, Rory. My lecture Notes on Aristotle, Cicero, and Quintilian
Photos:
1.) The Sophist Photo. The Sophist photo from 20 influential figures in education Degrees Centralcom Rss. http:// degreecentral.com/blog/2010/10/29/20-inf;uential-figures-in-education/ 17 February
2.) Photo of Aristotle. The photo of Aristotle is from Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. http://en.Wikipedia.org /wiki/Aristotle.16 February 2014
3.) Photo of Plato. http//people.bu.edu/wwildman/weirdwildweb/courses/wphil/lectures/wphil_theme02.htm
4.) English major photo. Capitolwatch. http://courantblogs.com/capitol-watch/liberal-arts-majors-hold-on-you-might-succeed/english-major/.17
5.) The photo of composition book. http:// clutterfreeclassroom.blogspot.com/2012/08/personalized-writers-notebooks-teacher.html
6.) Photo of stack of books. www.completemarketinosystems.com/cms/tell-good-compelling-stories-tobuild-your-buisness/stack-of-books
7.)Rhetoric Photo with a boy. http://rxoutcomesaduiser.wordpress.com/category/value-based-insurance
Why I Chose A Blog For My Project:
I chose to do a blog because I love reading them, I read a couple of my favorite blogs everyday. Reading blogs everyday and I thought that it would be great to write a blog for my first project. People write blogs normally to express themselves and I thought that it would be a great idea to express my thoughts on rhetoric and inform the world what rhetoric is and let people know about the classic rhetoricians. I basically provided background information on all the rhetoricians. I provided information on how each rhetorician conceived the relationship between truth, knowledge, and rhetoric. I wrote about each rhetorician school of thought , and how their epistemology shapes rhetoric.
Tuesday, February 18, 2014
Conclusion
Even if you were not familiar with the rhetoric and the practice of actual rhetoric you should be now. We use rhetoric in everyday lives. If you think about it we use persuasive appeals in our every day communication. You see it in media, in advertising, historical references, and in politics. In the Rhetoric class at Florida State University you learn to identify and apply the different styles of the rhetoricians and be able to apply it in effective manner. Rhetoric is all around us and is used in politics, and religion organizations. It may be hard to believe, but we actually use rhetoric in our everyday life.
Sunday, February 16, 2014
Classic Rhetoric: Cicero and Quintilan
Cicero: Cicero Introduced the five cannons of rhetoric: He had a strong opinion about rhetoric , one of his popular ideas about rhetoric is ,"that rhetoric is the tongue (which represented the speech) and the brain ( which represents analyzation and planning) should come together and the brain
(1) Invention: Invention is the art finding the appropriate arguments in a rhetorical situation. Cicero saw invention as the discovery as the discovery of valid arguments; basically refining your arguments.
(2) The Arrangement: This is the process of arranging and organizing your arguments for some kind of impact.
(3) Style: Is how you present your arguments and speech.
(4) Memory: Learning and memorizing so you can deliver your speech without any help.
(5) Delivery: This is how you deliver your speech
Cicero goal for developing the five cannons of rhetoric was to make discourse easier . The five cannons were important in the organization and mastery of oral written rhetoric, and it was important for speeches and presentations (5).
Quintilian: He define rhetoric as, "The good man speaking well"
What he meant by this is a rhetorician is, "speaking well"
- He thinks that the speaker must have a high moral character
- He thinks the speaker should have knowledge on a wide range of subjects.
- so it would be good if the speaker has broad knowledge about a range of subjects
The Sophist
The Sophist were professional teachers and intellectuals who visited Athens and other Greek cities
Sophists: epistemology-----> no absolute truth, relativists, subjective.
Rhetoric: build the best illusion in the given moment: Kairos
knowledge is inherently faulty.
build: Dissoi logoi---> is a form of debate, competing knowledge claims against each other, competing knowledge claims against each other.
Sophists:
Protagoras
- taught men to be apart of the public, and instill virtue
-He is the first, and most famous and the father of debate---->dissoi logoi
- theory <--> practice
- Believed that men is the measure of all things, he didn't believe in Gods.
-friends Pericles
- agnostic were banned from Athens
Gorgias: Believed in provisional knowledge and he often used poetic language. he is the father of ceremonial epideictic rhetoric.
- He lived to be 105 years old and he no family, he traveled around a lot , and didn't pay taxes
Isocrates: was a student of Gorgias and he had stage fright. He imitated his teacher.
His organizational scheme was:
Head- intro
torso- main ideas
feet-- conclusion
Classical Rhetoric: Aristotle and Plato
In the 4th Century BC; Aristotle addressed his concerns with rhetoric. He defined it as discovering all available means of persuasion on a topic (3). Aristotle saw rhetoric as a way to persuade, but he also saw as a way to discover what is known and what can be known about a project. He thought that every time we use language in speech, or writing we engage in a rhetorical act. Basically Aristotle thought that all communication was rhetorical. He thought whenever we use language we have an intention, which is message to communicate, or a goal to achieve. So in other words all of us use rhetoric every time we use language/ communicate. Aristotle and others were both Greek and Roman, and they worked to organize rhetoric, identify it's parts and functions.
Aristotle two proofs:
-artistic-----> appeals
- inartistic
Aristotle believed in:
1. Ethos-- Ethos is all about credibility, reliability, and the authority as a speaker, or a writer.ethos is your reputation with your audience and the strategies you use to convince your audience that you should be believed or taken seriously. For the Greeks, who put a great deal of emphasis on citizenship, ethos had a lot to do with a rhetor's status in the community.
2.) Pathos-- is all about appealing to feelings , or emotions. The focus of pathos is on the audience.
3) Logos-- ( logic( thought and action). It focuses on the text itself, the data.
Aristotle five Canons of rhetoric:
1) Invention
2) Arrangement
3) Style
4) Memory
5) Delivery
Aristotle influence was-----> St Augustine
Plato:
His epistemology is the truth is absolute and other wordly.
He believed in two types of people:
1) material
2) Spiritual
Plato also takes from Aristotle
-- his speech genres---> preaching's
--his message is the most important because it comes from God. Then the speaker because god gives the speaker the message and then the speaker tailors the message. The audience is last because the audience needs the message, their the ones that need to be enlighten.
Aristotle kind of builds on Plato's view of rhetoric but they do have major differences concerning rhetoric. They both are concerned with truth however, Plato views rhetoric as away tot distort the truth; Plato criticized sophists. Aristotle saw it as a way of effective communication and as means of finding truth. In the end both of them wanted truth and justice.
What in the world is Rhetoric?
I know your wondering what in the world is Rhetoric and what does it have to do with English? Rhetoric is the study of effective speaking and writing. It's the art of persuasion and many other interesting things. Rhetoric refers to the study and the uses of written, spoken, and visual language. Rhetoric investigates how language is being used to organize and maintain social groups,construct meanings and identities. Rhetoric also, coordinate behavior, mediate power, produce change, and create knowledge. Rhetoric is basically used to self - persuade and it operates to influence behavior, change attitudes, and opinions (1). Rhetoric is important to know about , it's the art of persuasive speaking and it's a important skill to learn in a academic environment. Rhetoric really began in Ancient Greece 2500 years ago as a form to communicate and it can be used as a way to deceive, or sway a person . Rhetoric is divided into chronological periods : the Classical which is the birth of rhetoric in ancient Greece to about 400 c.e., the Medieval (1400 c.e), the Renaissance ( the 1700s), and the Enlightenment period ( the late 1700s to the eighteen century, the nineteenth century , and the twentieth century. Rhetoric has been around since the fifth century and it developed in the Greek courts (2).
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